As Recognizing a Measles Rash?

The measles rash can be quite easy to identify, either by their itching or on its actual appearance on an infected person by measles morbillivirus-causing. The measles rash usually appears about two weeks after the child has been around someone who has the virus. An early indication of measles is the visibility of Koplik spots, tiny blue-white spots surrounded by red inside the mouth, around the cheek area. These stains are from about 1 mm to 2 mm in diameter. The measles rash usually appears on the skin near the ears and hairline over time the Koplik spots are disappearing.

Measles is typically a childhood disease caused by morbillivirus that lives in the mouth and nose of infected children. The virus is released into the air when the child coughs or sneezes and, as such, is highly contagious. The incubation period - the time between a person to be exposed to the virus symptoms and developing - measles is 10 to 14 days.Although outbreaks are less common nowadays, as a result of widespread immunization programs, measles complications include pneumonia and encephalitis, and can be quite severe.

One to two days after the first measles rash appears near the hairline, it can spread to the trunk and limbs, while starts to disappear from the face. The measles rash may be slightly itchy. The patient is usually infectious from a few days days before the outbreak of appearance until a few days later; this is where the rash also begins to fade. Before the rash appears as a symptom of measles, the child may feel sick for several days and has a fever, runny nose and cough.

Rubella, caused by rubella viruses, is contracted in the same way as the measles virus and has an incubation period of 12-23 days. When it comes to diagnose German measles, one of the most reliable symptoms is the swelling of lymph nodes around the hair line, behind the ears. A child with German measles will also have a sore throat, runny nose, slight fever and a rash. The outbreak of German measles involves small dots pink that quickly spread throughout the body, especially the torso. Although this rash resembles a rash of measles, there is less of it and it goes away faster.

There is no specific treatment for measles. It's a matter of keeping the child comfortable until the symptoms disappear. The virus is highly contagious, so that the patient should be isolated from other children until it is no longer infectious.

• Individuals born after 1957 should receive vaccination against measles, mumps and rubella.
• A runny nose and cough are usually the first signs of a measles infection.
• Sneezing is a common symptom of measles.
• Fever is a common symptom of measles.
• One of the most common symptoms of rubella is swollen lymph nodes.

How to recognize the symptoms of German measles

How to recognize the symptoms of German measles

Rubella, also known as German measles, is a minor illness usually found in children. These days, most people are vaccinated during childhood, but cases still occur.

Directions 

Recognizing the symptoms of the initial phase of rubella 

1 Check the temperature of the patient. Rubella usually starts with a slight fever. The temperature rarely goes above 100. You can confuse the disease like the common cold.

2 Feel gently around the patient's neck and behind the ears. Rubella also causes swollen lymph nodes and these areas are common pain areas.

3 ask the patient whether they suffer from swelling in the joints, headaches, runny nose or loss of appetite. These are minor symptoms which are known to occur in adults with rubella.

4 Look at the eyes of the patient. If they are swollen and red, the patient may suffer from conjunctivitis. This mild symptoms is rarely found in children but can be common in adult cases.

Recognizing the symptoms of late stage rubella 

5 Check the patient's face to a rash. The rash appears as pink or light red spots just beneath the skin.

6 Recognize the difference between other rashes and German measles. Chickenpox, for example, has blister-like wounds, which then scab over as German measles below the skin.

7 Wait a few days and see the changes in the eruption. The spots on the face should clarify first as the outbreak spreads. The rest of the rash should go away within 3 days.

8 Avoid scratching. German measles will itch a lot, but the less the patient's risks, the faster it will all be over. The itching is a sign that the skin is healing. An oatmeal bath can help relieve itching.

9 Expect dry skin as the healing of the rash. This is a good sign that the disease is ending, but it can be uncomfortable. The skin starts to flake. Use a mild cream to replace moisture in the skin.

Tips: 

• Most patients will undergo a German measles rash. In addition to the eruption, however, some people have additional symptoms at all. This is more common in children.
• German measles should last less than a week. No treatment is necessary and there is very little danger.
• If symptoms of rubella are found in a pregnant woman or someone who lives near a pregnant woman, a doctor should be contacted immediately. Rubella is a harmless disease most often, but can be fatal to an unborn child.
• Keep the patient at home. Measles is very contagious for as long as a week before the rash breaks and one week after the rash clears.

Rubella in pregnancy

 

Rubella in pregnancy is a serious disease that can lead to malformation of the baby and therefore should be prevented through vaccination.

Rubella is an infectious disease caused by virus type Rubivirus , which is usually transmitted through secretions such as saliva, in intimate contact, and kissing. Usually younger individuals up to the age of young adults are the most infected, which aggravates the chances of acquiring the disease during pregnancy.

Symptoms of rubella in pregnancy

Symptoms of rubella in pregnancy are similar to those demonstrated by any individual with the disease and include:

• Headache;
• Muscle pain;
• Low-grade fever up to 38 ° C;
• Cough with phlegm;
• Joint pain;
• Swollen glands;
• Red spots on the face and the body.

Symptoms can take up to 21 days to appear, but transmission of the virus can occur from infection within 5 days after the appearance of red spots on the skin. However, in some cases rubella may not show any symptoms and so their diagnosis can only be confirmed by the presence of immunoglobulin IgM or IgG in the blood test.

Rubella in pregnancy consequences

The consequences of rubella in pregnancy can be congenital rubella, which can lead to miscarriage or fetal malformations such as:

• Deafness;
• Blindness;
• Cataracts;
• Heart problems;
• Injuries of the nervous system;
• Aneurysm;
• Mental retardation;

The risk of rubella transmission to the baby is higher in the first trimester of pregnancy.

Treatment of rubella in pregnancy

Treatment of rubella in pregnancy is to control the symptoms that women feel because there is no cure for rubella. Usually the treatment is done with antipyretic drugs and analgesics, such as acetaminophen, associated with rest and fluid intake by pregnant.

The best form of prevention is to perform the triple-viral vaccine against measles, mumps and rubella up to 28 days before becoming pregnant. You should also avoid being around people in times of disease transmission or children infected with rubella.

If the woman has not been vaccinated before pregnancy, the Ministry of Health recommends vaccination soon after pregnancy and even during breastfeeding. Thus, the woman is protected from the disease, preventing transmission to the fetus of a pregnant follows.

Rubella vaccination campaign

Rubella vaccination campaign

A disease that can cause vision problems requires attention

Rubella is an acute and highly contagious disease caused by Togaviridae, a virus Rubivirus genre. Its main symptom is a rash, small red lesions, similar to those of measles, which usually begins on the face and then spreads throughout the body. The vaccine against rubella, which is part of the Brazilian Vaccination Official Calendar, provides effective protection against the disease and the first dose should be given to children in the first year of life and adults, especially women, who have not contacted with the virus.

Until September 12, the Ministry of Health promotes greater vaccination campaign against the disease ever undertaken in the world in order to immunize adults. Men are the main focus of the campaign this year, as in previous years, the audience were children and women. To get an idea of 8,684 rubella cases confirmed in the country in 2007, 70% of them correspond to male patients. But to eliminate the virus circulation in the country is also essential vaccinate females. In all, 35.3 million women should be immunized. 

Congenital rubella

Rubella virus belongs to Rubivirus family and is transmitted by saliva droplets eliminated when the carrier of the virus or the disease speaks, coughs, sneezes. Not necessarily that individual gets sick and manifest the characteristic symptoms of rubella: fever, joint pain, rash, swollen lymph nodes. Often, the carrier is healthy but carry the virus in the throat, excretes it in saliva and transmit it to others. Most people who get rubella virus do not get sick, but develops an asymptomatic or subclinical infection and transmits the virus for a while. The transmission period begins ten days before the rash appears and persists for another fortnight after his disappearance.

The time at which transmission of the virus occurs without obvious signs of disease, is long. In fact, roughly 20% of infected people develop symptoms. The other 80% are asymptomatic, although they are transmitting the virus. The rubella virus is called teratogenic, it has the ability to cause changes in developing tissues. Therefore, the earlier in pregnancy the woman is infected with it, the greater the damage to the child. In recent months, the impact tends to be lower on the fetus. That is, in the first three months of pregnancy, fetal tissues are very immature and any viral interference causes more intense commitment than cause tissue already formed. 


These changes occur because the rubella virus crosses the placenta and fetal tissues is installed. In general, rubella virus is prevalent in tissues of the nervous system and cardiac tissues, but can also cause bone disorders. The fontanelle or soft spot of the child, which should close in time, remains open and may remain also open the ducts of the heart. As the eyes are nothing more than extensions brain - are actually part of the brain that captures the image because the other is covered by the skull - this predilection for nervous tissue can cause cataracts, blindness and microphthalmia. This involvement of the brain can also cause mental retardation.

The microphthalmia is a type of malformation of the eyes, which do not grow. Eyeballs are undeveloped do not meet the eye fossa. Today, there are already techniques for the presence of rubella virus in the bloodstream or in the amniotic fluid, which allows the doctor to identify the infection and for damage installed able to derail or compromising the child's quality of life. Ideally, all women who want to become pregnant do blood test to know if you are immunized against rubella. This exam is part of prenuptial examinations list that are not always made ​​before the start of sexual life. Therefore, all women who wish to become pregnant should make serologic testing to know how is your immunity to rubella. If it is proven that they are not immune, need to take the vaccine, which is extremely effective - effective vaccine is close to 100% - and prevent congenital rubella syndrome. 


If the blood test shows that there are protective antibodies against disease, this woman does not need to take the vaccine, because it has been vaccinated or has come into contact with the virus in the past and is immunized. Otherwise, vaccination is mandatory. Remember that the rubella vaccine is made with live virus, although attenuated in their ability to produce disease. Therefore, a woman can not be pregnant at the time of taking this vaccine because the virus can cause fetal harm. It is also important to know that once vaccinated, the ideal is that women wait four weeks to get pregnant.

Rubella vaccine - vaccination in children and adults

Rubella vaccine - vaccination in children and adults

Rubella and doses of the vaccine

The vaccine against rubella is the injection of live attenuated (weakened). Although there is specific rubella vaccine, vaccination is usually done with MMR, which immunizes against rubella, measles and mumps. The MMR vaccination is recommended for children between 12 and 15 months, with a second dose between 4 and 6 years old. The rubella vaccine is particularly important for women who may become pregnant not immunized because of the serious risks to the fetus if they are infected during pregnancy.

What is MMR vaccine against rubella, measles and mumps?

MMR vaccine is a mixture of three types of live attenuated viruses. It is administered via injection for immunization against rubella, measles and mumps. MMR is usually given to children after completing 1 year of age, with a second dose before entering the school, with 4 or 5 years of age. The second dose of the vaccine is not a building, it is to immunize the small number of people (2-5%) who have not acquired immunity in the first dose.

Why the MMR vaccine rubella, measles and mumps is given after the first year of the child?

Most children receive passive protection against measles, rubella and mumps as mothers antibodies. Such antibodies may destroy the vaccine viruses are present when it is administered, compromising its effectiveness. After 12 months of age most children have lost this passive protection.

Rubella vaccination in adults

The main objective of vaccination against rubella adults is to prevent congenital rubella syndrome, which can cause serious harm to the fetus. About 20% of women of reproductive age are still susceptible to rubella despite vaccination programs. Rubella virus can infect the fetus at any stage of pregnancy, but the defects to the fetus rarely occur if the infection occurs after 16 the week of pregnancy. Pregnant women should not be vaccinated against rubella, since the vaccine contains viruses.

What women wishing to become pregnant should do about rubella?

It is recommended that all women who wish to become pregnant to make test to know if they are immunized against rubella. If necessary, the woman should be immunized with the vaccine before becoming pregnant. This prevents the child contracting congenital rubella syndrome, which can be fatal to the fetus or cause serious problems. If the woman becomes pregnant without being immunized, should avoid contact with people who have symptoms suggestive of rubella, as spots on the face.

Rubella transmission

The transmission of rubella occurs through the air when coughing, talking or sneezing. The confirmation that the person has been infected by rubella is made ​​by blood test. The person with rubella can transmit the disease in about a week before the appearance of stains and about a week later.

Rubella vaccine

Rubella vaccine

It also contains hydrolyzed gelatin, sorbitol and neomycin traits. The lyophilized vaccine alone, or in combination with measles and mumps (MMR II or Trimovax), it must be kept under refrigeration at +2 to + 8 ° C and protected from light.

The application is by subcutaneous injection, from 12 months of age, a single dose. Its efficiency is around 95%, but natural infection produces four to eight times more antibodies that artificial active immunization. The most frequent adverse reactions are mild fever, mild lymphadenopathy, neck pain and arthralgia.

The biggest contraindication is pregnancy. Therefore, when vaccinating adult women must be assured absence of pregnancy at the time of application of the vaccine and during the following three months. For this reason, it is recommended the use of anovulatory during this period.

After vaccination, the vaccine virus can be found in the nasopharynx, but is not transferable. The existing works to date show that there is no risk of a pregnant purchase the vaccine virus from vaccinated individuals. The other contraindications are: individuals with malignancies, immune deficiency, use of immunosuppressants and corticosteroids, hypersensitivity to neomycin.

RUBELLA | SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS

RUBELLA | SYMPTOMS AND DIAGNOSIS

Rubella is a viral infection, highly contagious, which typically affects children. Rubella is usually a benign infection, but it can cause serious complications if acquired during pregnancy.

WHAT IS RUBELLA?

Rubella is a viral infection that usually causes fever and reddish spots in the body, calls rash . Man is the only host of this virus.

Rubella is a disease that is becoming less and less common, especially after the intensification of immunization campaigns in recent years. In Brazil, there are no cases of rubella reported since 2009.

TRANSMISSION OF RUBELLA

Rubella is transmitted by the airways through spit (saliva droplets), as with most airborne transmission of viral infections. Rubella virus is highly contagious and is usually spread by sneezing, coughing, kissing, cutlery or even through conversations if there is enough time and close contact with droplets.

The incubation period rubella, ie the time interval between the contamination and the onset of symptoms, is on average 14 to 18 days. However, since the infected individual becomes contagious one to two weeks before becoming clinically apparent infection. This means that a few days after being infected, and before any symptom, the patient is capable of passing the virus to others.

In many cases, rubella infection is so weak that goes unnoticed, which does not, however, the patient infect others. For this reason, many individuals with rubella can not identify who the contaminated.

Rubella virus normally invades the body via the airways, but five to seven days after the infection is already spread all over the body, it may be found in blood, urine, lung, cerebrospinal fluid, skin, etc.

After the appearance of the rash, the transmission rate begins to drop, leaving the patient to be infectious 5 or 7 days later.

SYMPTOMS RUBELLA

In most people, rubella has few or no symptoms. This is particularly true in children, who often have a very weak rubella frame.

In those who developed symptoms, these arise 2 to 3 weeks after being contaminated. The initial symptoms of rubella are nonspecific, similar to any viral infection, with fever, body aches, headache, sore throat, runny nose and prostration. A more careful physical examination may reveal lymph nodes (swollen lymph nodes) in the neck and behind the ears, which are very characteristic of rubella.

rubella photo

After 1-3 days of nonspecific symptoms, rash (rash) appears rubella, which are small diffuse red spots, as pictured alongside. The rash usually starts on the face and down to the rest of the body within hours. Lasts about 3 days and then disappears. Besides the skin, the rash can also occur on the palate (roof of the mouth). At this stage, one joint pain and conjunctivitis frame is also common.

The rash disappears faster, but the lymph nodes and joint pain can still last a few days. Children recover faster than adults, which may keep joint pain for up to a month.

As I said, most people do not develop symptoms after contact with the virus. Even those who develop symptoms of rubella, virtually all improve spontaneously. Rarely, on average one every 6000 cases, the virus can affect the brain, leading to what we call viral encephalitis, a serious framework and with high mortality.

Children with rubella should stay at home until the rash disappear completely, to avoid contamination of colleagues. As rubella is a disease that is about to be eradicated, all cases must be reported to the health department.

RUBELLA DIAGNOSTICS

The diagnosis of rubella is usually done through the clinical picture. The differential diagnosis should be done with parvovirus and scarlet fever (read: scarlet | Symptoms and treatment ), which have a very similar rash.

Four days after the appearance of the rash, the body already has antibodies against rubella, which allows for serology laboratory to confirm the disease. As this stage most people are already cured or healing process, and as there is no specific treatment for rubella, his laboratory confirmation is usually unnecessary (except in pregnancy. I explain below).

In serology there are two types of antibodies: IgM and IgG antibodies. The first to appear is IgM, which is the antibody attacks the virus. The IgM rubella usually longer be detectable on the 4th day of rash and remain positive for up to eight weeks. After curing, the second type of antibody arises, the IgG antibodies against rubella. The antibody is an IgG indicates that the patient has the disease and is now cured and immunized. So who's with rubella IgM positive features. Anyone who has had rubella or been vaccinated presents IgG reagent.

After curing, the IgG antibodies provide a new episodes of immunization against rubella. Therefore, rubella only caught once in life. Are rare and mild cases of reinfection. The patient may have contact again with the rubella virus, but IgG titers rise rapidly, preventing the patient develop the disease a second time.

Explained the interpretation of rubella serology in more detail in this article: RUBELLA IGG and IGM | RUBELLA DIAGNOSIS IN PREGNANCY

RUBELLA TREATMENT

There is no treatment for rubella. But that's not a problem since more than 99% of patients are cured spontaneously. Generally prescribe antipyretics and analgesics to relieve symptoms until the patient has fully recovered.

Congenital rubella syndrome

The big concern for rubella is the infection of pregnant women. In children and adults the disease is mild, in the developing fetus it can be catastrophic.

If rubella is acquired during the first trimester, the risk of malformations is higher than 80%. Besides the morphological defects, 1 in 5 infected women suffering abortion at this stage. The congenital rubella syndrome is characterized by cataracts, deafness, heart defects, liver damage and neurological injury, including delayed mental development. In many countries abortion is allowed in rubella cases in the 1st quarter.

Newborns with congenital rubella can spread the virus for up to one year, being necessary to prevent their contact with other pregnant women not immunized.

Infections contracted after the 20th week brings little risk of malformations, but there is still the chance of transmitting the virus to the fetus. Usually these children are born underweight, but no defects in the formation.

In pregnant serology gains much importance. All pregnant women should be tested for rubella; if IgG negative, must be doubled in relation to the care contacts with persons with symptoms of viral infection.

Women who are IgG Reagent are not at risk to catch rubella during pregnancy.

RUBELLA VACCINE

The rubella vaccine is comprised of live attenuated viruses, and is therefore contraindicated in pregnancy. However, in 2006 a health ministry study showed that in 26,000 women inadvertently vaccinated because they ignore the fact that they were pregnant, had no case of congenital rubella. So not vaccine pregnant women known, but if there is a vaccination by mistake, the risk of complications is low (read: VACCINE IN PREGNANCY ).

Every woman of childbearing age should conduct a serological test to know their immune status against rubella. Those with negative results (negative IgG) is to apply the vaccine. Patients who have positive IgG are immunized and are not at risk of having rubella. No need to vaccinate people who already have IgG antibodies.

It's okay to get the vaccine while breastfeeding. Also it's okay to be revaccinated. If during a vaccination campaign one does not remember to have received the vaccine once in their lives, or do not know their immune status, it can be vaccinated. This guidance applies to men and women between 20 and 39 years.

A single dose of rubella vaccine is effective to create permanent immunization in over 95% of cases.

Like any vaccine with live virus, it also should not be taken by people with active or immunocompromised febrile illness.

Rubella

Rubella

Also known as German measles , the rubella is a viral disease or very common infectious disease during childhood, but can also occur in unvaccinated adults who have never had the disease as children. Typically, infections by these viruses produce permanent immunity, ie, it occurs only once in a lifetime.

Transmitted through the respiratory tract, rubella is caused by a RNA virus called Togavirus . Rubella epidemics usually occur in cycles 06-10 years in winter and spring period, mainly reaching school children up to 9 years and adolescents after vaccination.

Symptoms

Red spots that appear on the face and behind the ear and then spread throughout the body. After infection it takes on average 18 days to have the first symptoms (incubation period) the symptoms are similar to the flu: headache and testicles; pain when swallowing; aching joints and muscles, dry skin, nasal congestion with sneezing, swollen lymph ganglia, low-grade fever (up to 38 ° C), neck, red spots that start on the face and evolve quickly by the body (usually disappear in less than 5 days ), redness or inflammation of the eyes (which is not dangerous).

The infection is usually benign and in half the cases do not produce any clinical manifestation. However, becomes dangerous when infection occurs during pregnancy (congenital rubella ie, transmitted from mother to fetus) because the virus invades the placenta and infects the embryo, usually in the first three

   
weeks of gestation in this case, rubella can cause abortion, fetal death, premature birth and congenital malformations such as visual problems (cataracts and glaucoma), deafness, congenital heart disease, microcephaly with mental retardation among others. From the 5th month of pregnancy, the risk of fetal injury is virtually nil.

Transmission

The infection occurs through the respiratory tract by direct contact with nasal secretions or air, through the suction droplets of saliva or nasal secretion.
The virus multiplies first and pharyngeal lymph organs. Then spreads through the blood and then manifests on the skin by means of reddish spots. The incubation period is two to three weeks, therefore symptoms are slow to be perceived.

Diagnosis

Because of its similarity to other viruses (common cold, measles, dengue, etc) the accurate diagnosis of rubella can only be obtained by serological examination.
Treatment

It is performed based on Antipyretics and analgesics that help lessen the discomfort, relieve headaches and body and lower fever. It is recommended that the patient rest during the critical period of the disease.

Prevention

To decrease the circulation of rubella virus, vaccination is very important, recommended at 15 months of age (MMR vaccine) and for all adults who have not had the disease (blocking vaccination). It is important to know that the child is born with rubella can spread the virus for up to one year. So they must be away from other children and pregnant women who have not had the disease.

       
The rubella vaccine, effective in almost 100% of cases, should be administered in children at 15 months of life. The vaccine comprises live attenuated virus and can be produced in monovalent form, associated with measles (double viral) or measles and mumps (MMR). The disease is not serious and male children do not need to be vaccinated, but often it occurs to prevent epidemics or avoid risk, as adults, infecting his pregnant companion unvaccinated.

Attention !

Pregnant women can not be vaccinated and vaccinated women should avoid pregnancy for one month after the date of vaccination. Thus, women who have not had the disease as children should be vaccinated before becoming pregnant. Patients with malignant disease, immune deficiency, treated with immunosuppressants, corticosteroids and chemotherapy can not be vaccinated.

Although it is believed that the effective control of this viral disease is possible, and even eradicate it with vaccination on a large scale, this disease as well as other viruses still represent a major public health aggravation in various parts of the world, especially in areas where combine precarious livelihoods and inadequate vaccination coverage.

Rubella symptoms

Rubella is an infectious disease whose main symptom are . red spots that appear initially on the face and behind the ear and then are directed to the whole body toward the feet Other symptoms of rubella are:

• Sore throat;
• Fever up to 38 ° C;
• Headache;
• Nasal discharge;
• Swollen glands.

Phase higher risk of contagion involves the 10 days preceding the start of the rash until 15 days after they appeared.

A person with rubella should stay at rest and isolated from contact with other family members, and their clothes and personal items should be separated until the fever cease and that the rash disappear.

Rubella photos

Treatment for rubella

The treatment for rubella is done in order to control disease symptoms. It indicates the use of paracetamol to reduce pain and fever as well as rest and hydration.

Rubella prevention

Prevention Rubella can be made by applying the triple-viral vaccine, which protects against mumps, measles and rubella.

What is rubella?

What is rubella?

 

Rubella, also known as German measles, is a contagious disease caused by virus and characterized by red skin rash.

Causes

Rubella is caused by viruses and Rubella virus is spread from person to person through sneezing, coughing and is highly contagious. A person with rubella can transmit the disease to other people from one week before the eruption until one to two weeks after their disappearance. That is, a person can transmit the disease even before knowing who has rubella.

The disease can also be congenital and can be transmitted from mother to child during pregnancy yet.

Risk factors

• Have close contact with a person infected with rubella is a major risk factor for infection
• Do not take the MMR vaccine , which also acts against measles and mumps , can make a person vulnerable to the virus that causes rubella
• Newborns tend to be the age group most at risk, since they were not vaccinated against the disease. The adults, on the other hand, are not free of rubella only because they were vaccinated. It may happen that the vaccine lose effectiveness and fail to protect the person completely, so it is advisable to take a booster vaccine a few years after the first dose.

 

Symptoms of rubella

 

The main symptoms are usually mild rubella and difficult to be noticed, especially in children. When they arise, the signs of the disease usually takes two to three weeks after exposure to the virus to manifest and last for an average of two to three days. Chief among them is the emergence of red rashes from the skin, which first appear on the face and then go spreading around the trunk, arms and legs.Among other symptoms of rubella include:

• Mild fever
• Headache
• Nasal congestion
• Inflammation of the eyes (bloodshot)
• Appearance of lumps in the neck region and behind the ears
• General discomfort and feeling of malaise constant
• Muscle and joint pain 

• Seeking medical help

• Seek medical advice if you or your child present the typical symptoms of rubella.

  If you have plans to get pregnant, see a doctor to find out about the vaccine against rubella. Contracting the disease during the first trimester of pregnancycan cause serious risks to the baby's health and may even lead to malformation of organs and termination of pregnancy. Rubella during pregnancy is the main cause of deafness congenital.

  In the medical consultation

  Take all of your questions to the doctor and describe your symptoms in detail. This will help the doctor to diagnose correctly. Also answer questions that he might do to her. Some examples:

  • You and your child received the MMR vaccine?
  • When symptoms began?
  • You had contact with someone with rubella?
  • Is there any measure that you have taken that seems to have improved or worsened the symptoms?

  Diagnostic Rubella

  The skin rashes caused by rubella resemble any other rash caused by diseases similar, so not just a physical examination to confirm the diagnosis. The doctor then will ask for laboratory tests to make sure that it is a rubella infection.

  A nasal or throat swab can be sent for culture. It can also be made a blood test to check whether the person is protected against rubella. All women who could become pregnant should take this test. If the test is negative, they will receive the vaccine.

  Treatment Rubella

  There is no treatment available to stop the rubella infection, but the symptoms are so mild that treatment is not usually necessary. However, to avoid passing the virus to others that eventually were not vaccinated or are needed to take the reinforcement of the vaccine, patients should remain indoors during the high likelihood of transmission.

  If you are pregnant, talk to your doctor about the best way to fight infection and prevent the baby from being infected too. The measures taken against the virus can reduce the symptoms, but does not eliminate the possibility of the child being born with congenital rubella.

  Living / Prognosis

  Because treatment is often not necessary, portion sizes are enough for recovery.Some measures can help speed up the process, see:

  • Rest
  • Use of non-prescription medicines to relieve fever and discomfort caused by pain
  • Avoid going to work, school, college or attend social environments in order to prevent transmission of the virus to others

  Possible complications

  Although rubella is a mild disease considered, it can happen to progress to more serious complications such as otitis media and even encephalitis.

  Pregnant women may have arthritis in fingers, wrists or knees, which can last about a month.

  The consequences of rubella for a newborn who inherited her mother's illness, however, can be severe. Among them are:

  • Intellectual Disability
  • Cataract
  • Deafness
  • Congenital heart defects
  • Defects in the operation of some organs
  • Growth retardation

  Expectations

  Once you have been infected by the rubella virus, one is permanently immune to it, or may not have rubella again.

  Treatment for rubella is usually dispensed in view of the symptoms usually disappear by themselves.

  Prevention

  Vaccination is the safest and most effective way to prevent rubella. The rubella vaccine is recommended for all children. It is usually applied in infants 12-15 months, but sometimes it is administered before and during epidemics. A second vaccination (booster) is routinely applied in children between four and six years.The MMR is a combined vaccine that protects against measles, mumps and rubella.Already the MMRV vaccine also protects against chickenpox